Forensic toxicology is a fascinating field that utilizes the principles of chemistry and biology to scrutinize bodily substances for the presence of harmful compounds. Toxicologists act as detectives, unraveling the secrets hidden within urine to determine the cause of death or symptoms. Their meticulous work often involves cutting-edge techniques

Semiconductors play a vital role in modern electronics due to their ability to control the flow of electricity under specific conditions. They can be broadly classified into two categories: intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors. Intrinsic semiconductors, such as pure silicon or germanium, possess limited conductivity because their valence band is